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Study Guides

Free, practical guides on citation, referencing and research skills.

How to Spot a Fake AI Citation

AI tools sometimes invent citations that look completely real. Here's how to actually check whether a citation is genuine before you submit your essay.

APA vs Harvard vs MLA: What's Actually Different

A clear, accurate breakdown of what genuinely differs between APA, Harvard and MLA referencing, not just formatting rules copied from a style guide.

What Counts as Plagiarism (and What Doesn't)

A clear-eyed look at what actually counts as plagiarism, including the genuine grey areas students are often unsure about.

How to Paraphrase Properly

Swapping a few words for synonyms isn't paraphrasing, and most students don't realise it still counts as plagiarism. Here's how to actually do it.

What Does "Peer Reviewed" Actually Mean?

What peer review actually involves, why it matters for which sources to trust, and how to genuinely tell whether a source has been peer reviewed.

How to Search PubMed Properly

Most students search PubMed the same way they'd search Google, and miss most of the relevant papers because of it. Here's how Boolean search actually works.

How to Organise Your Research Sources

Saving papers as you find them isn't enough. Here's how to keep track of why each one mattered, and turn a folder of sources into a finished reference list in seconds.

How to Write a Literature Review (Without Losing the Plot)

Most literature reviews fail for the same reason: they summarise paper after paper instead of making an argument. Here's how to actually structure one.

Will AI Detectors Actually Flag My Essay?

What tools like Turnitin's AI detector actually measure, where they get it wrong, and why using AI to find sources isn't the same as using it to write.

Do AI "Humanisers" Actually Work?

AI humaniser tools promise to dodge detection, but reworded text is still someone else's words, and still carries someone else's mistakes. Here's what they actually change, and what UK universities do when they catch it.

How to Critically Evaluate a Source (Not Just Summarise It)

Markers consistently ask for "critical evaluation" and consistently get a summary instead. Here's the actual difference, and a checklist for closing the gap.

What Is a DOI and Why It Matters

A DOI is the one part of a reference that never goes out of date. Here's what it actually is, how to find one, and why it's the fastest way to check a source is real.

How Many Sources Should My Essay or Dissertation Have?

There's no magic number, whatever a forum post told you. Here's what actually drives source count, with rough benchmarks by word count and level of study.

Systematic Review vs Literature Review: What's the Difference

Your supervisor said "systematic review" and you wrote a literature review. Here's what actually separates the two, and how to tell which one your brief is asking for.

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